ARTICLE
Religion; the feelings, act and experiences of individual men in their solitude, so far as they apprehend themselves to stand in relation to whatever they consider the divine. (William James) RELIGION is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to scared things.
RELIGION the virtue which prompts man to render to God the worship and reverence that is right. (Thomas Aquinas).
The misunderstanding of the concept, religion, has been a hitch to Nigeria solidarity, It is incongruous that the dreaded Islamic sect “Boko Haram” claim to be a religious group, with the religious quest of eradicating western civilization, the course of their inhumanity quest had savaged myriad of innocent lives and has induced aviated exodus in various affected states Nigeria. This is man’s inhumanity to fellow men they claim to carry out in the gracious name of Allah, despite Allah’s decree in the glorious Quran, that he has dignified the human creature prohibiting unjust killings and made the religions of Islam that which does not sanction compulsion in multi- faith society like ours, they are meant to hearken to his word not hacking his world.
There horrendous sardonic attacks have debased the country’s integrity among the comity of nations. They are bent on carving out an Islamic caliphate in northern Nigeria, with doctrine that is completely in variance with the Islamic religion, which they claim to promote, a doctrine that negates the dignity/sanctity for existence of humanity on earth.
In earnest, “Boko Haram” is a product of mind set, it is called jihad. some people stoked the fire by introducing sharia legal code is eight states 14 years ago, then these “Boko Haram” warriors where probably about 10-15 year old boys, they were incited by certain religious clerics, this catalyzed the present violence, they were exposed to obnoxious cultures of killing, burning, and destruction from there tender ages, they have been obsessed of violence, their perception of the present world has been instilled. The long existing violent cultures of carnage and pillage catalyzed these insurgency. [Clifford Ndujihe 2012]
The pillage and carnage has created/generated a sense of belonging to a particular ethnic group amongst Nigerians, cynic Nigerians play indifferent, while impervious states and individuals clamor for disintegration of Nigeria. We are actually missing the point by clamoring for Nigeria to disintegrate. It is not the ultimate solution to our problem; rather it will only exacerbate our problems, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and eight in the world. She has an added advantage over other African countries as far as human resources is concerned. Her human resources is one of the best assets that she has.
Therefore we all owe this country a huge obligation as we solemnly pledge each time we recite our national anthem, we swore our ligancy never to let the labors of our heroes past be in vain. It is our solemn duty to keep on with the legacy. We recite our national anthem almost every day, each time we do, we consciously or unconsciously make a solemn vow or promise to keep our fatherland united. 2015 more than ever we are bound to redeem/fulfill our long solemn promise to our fatherland. Nigeria at 55 has survived many challenges, including political, ethnic, and religious violence, she would definitely survive “Boko Haram” insurgence).
Disintegration is never a solution to our problem, we all are always green and green shall we remain, green we are recognized off shores and green shall we be. We can never run off our problems we rather tackle it, let us collectively offer our full support to our security agencies in combating these insurgence.“Boko Haram” is a hurdle for Nigeria, there is no battle line if we leave it for affected states, and the cancer will spread all over our country. We all must strive to consolidate our unity.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Succession/disintegration is never a solution to these plight neither is Dialogue/negotiation/
Our government rendezvousing with these insurgents will prostrate our kindness for weakness to them, and buy time for the recently conscripted to acclimatize to their barbaric culture, it will take much more than dialogue to chasten them, dialogue is inauspicious in these plight, they being debauched to violent from childhood it will be obstreperous to make them broke their barbaric religious chastity.
Our major concern/focus should be to identify all those who endorse and incite these violence, at such you cub their access to ammunition, /these insurgency did not fall from the sky certain acts inspired it, and unless that initiators are brought justice “Boko Haram” may never seize to exist. Through these initiators will the root cause of these insurgency be dictated, these present insurgency maybe a portent if we do not check the remote cause of these and had it carefully handle it, I fear that another terrorist gang may imitate.
These war is not of the government alone, is more ours, we are ones that lose our dear ones to them/on attacks, and we are more exposed to be conscripted, we must cooperate with each other, defeating these insurgency is a collective task that must be done, we must not be distracted. we must be security conscious of each other surrounding, to all security agency, fighting for our father we all own you our lives, we cannot appreciate you enough for you risks to protect us may almighty allay reward you all himself, the faith of Nigeria future lies with you to deliver our father from these plight, but it will take much more than intelligence and physical appearance from our security agency to effectively combat these insurgency, it will take extreme commitment, if they willing to give their life just to protect their barbaric religious belief, we should match the level commitment to combat them, we should be willing enough to give our lives for our country as we voluntary solemnly pledged, only you all can grant the innocent deceased Nigerians justice first here on earth, not even the Nigerian judiciary could, only you, the grieved in pain and anguish till their last breath, they died of nothing only you can proved they died for something, “Boko Haram” might be more armed than you but you have the support of the entire Nigeria both the dead and the living, if you care enough the living make Nigeria a better palace even if it worth you live,
Our deepest sympathy to the families of all those who lost their lives ones to insurgency, and to those whom there dear ones has conscripted the famous. May Allah give us fortitude to bear these loss. The entire Nigeria grief in you pains, we all wish can help, to our patriotic soldiers whom give up their lives in cost of their solemn duty, we are indebted to you throughout our span but the unborn Nigerians owe you all for you sacrifice, we can never appreciate you enough, sleep well we will continue to celebrate you, Your courageous sacrifices will echo throughout eternity, indeed your deeds proved a true modern day gladiator for our country and continent.
Our politicians must agree in the best interest of Nigerians to prioritize the wellbeing of Nigerians over there political self ambitions.
More Formal education should be institutionalized with much security and guarantee to restore safety in schools to encourage northern back to school and educate and review to them the knowledge of their rights and their right against human.
as suggested by one of the top security agent in his interview, he said that the insurgence can still be amicably resolved as well by strengthening and attracting first the support and trust of the youths, and these can only be archived by the government by providing them with a means of livelihood
Some Christians are far too from ‘’Boko Haram’’ due to their lack of understanding, misapplication and misinterpretation of a real Christian faith/doctrines,
Apart from the above discussed sect Boko Haram whom has causing physical havoc in our country, some other Christian with there has causing psychological hovoc to our tender generation, their lack of understanding and misinterpretation of the bible has contributed to the to Nigeria setbacks over the years although they might be oblivious of the psychological consequences of their action/teaching, these teachings does has a psychological effect on the receipt, sadly the negative effectives of these teaching may not be vividly seen at mere glance, it takes more incisive psychological view to unveil these effects on our present young generation.
The emphases Christian fanatics lay/make in/while teaching life after death to tender kids with the future of our country is not to be appreciated, a tender kid of about three to four year olds, that just entered the planet and barely know his world they go about threatening them in the name of teaching that we all are all leaving these planet soon when God himself approved these children as the only qualified candidate of heaven. ‘’Mark10;13-15’’ and they brought young children to him, that he should touch them; and his disciples rebuked those that brought them,14 but Jesus it, he saw much displeased, and said unto them, suffer the little children to come unto me, and forbid them not; for of such is kingdom is the kingdom of God.15 verily I say unto you, whosoever shall not receive the kingdom of God as a little child, he shall not enter therein.
We may have be neglecting these but it those has psychological effect on them, the human brain/mind can be likened to a lump of mixed yet unbaked flour. In that, the harder the impression the deeper the experience [Ofem 2014], for instance, if the baker decides to press deep his finger on to the substance in his hands, the deeper the hole that would be created on the substance and this also apply if he decides not to press hard, the hole on the substance becomes shallow and thus, less impression.
what this means is that, the more good impression are pressed deep in to one minds the more the ability the person to experiences the effect of such effort. Which is why. The scripture stated clearly. Train a child [mind] properly, so that when he grows, he will not leave it [proverbs 22; 6].
These emphasis at that aged instill their perceptions of these present world, if we are leaving as soon as they claim/teach, of what use is it to exploit and deploy our talents to invent or innovate ideals and technologies to better our life, nobody will want to invent and leave legacy for his people to improve on, when he/she is gone,
that age range is too sensitive to what they hear people tell them, and that could be there believe for their whole life time, and at if they now grow with that conception the become less productive and creativity and such be highly Dependent for government to provide job opportunity for them neglecting the natural talent God imposed on them to survive, the major problem in Africa is unemployment because everyone has grown highly dependent of the government to provide with job opportunity instead of depending on their natural talent to be creative and device a means to survive and there by employ other with the same talent with him,
There is time for everything, Ecclesiastes3; 1-8 to everything there is there is a season/time to every purpose under the heaven. They go about obsessing these kids, corrupting them with their teachings, inculcating fears amongst these kids, these teaching are good but not at that age, you can always tell him of his father in heaven whom made him in his own image and then list are the commandments of god for him. Telling to fulfill these for they are the reasons why they were send down here. It is not necessary that you should mention Satan to him or life after death, these kids are more worthy than you to make heaven with their simple and kind heart.
Why can‘t we wait for him to grow up enough, besides people should God of self will for his kindness, protection, blessings and lot and not of hell traits. Telling child the native part of our world at that age would only jeopardize his mention on earth.
There are more important things to do at that age, our major consign at that stage should be to identify his/her talent/endowments and help harness the talent is for good, by enrolling him/her into an academic institutions that will help enhance his talent, help him Make his passion his profession, for his passion is his destiny, help him discover it early. Work hard towards it. Acquire all the formal knowledge you need. Leave the rest to God. You are already a professional in what you do. Seek God, but first and ask of his directives and then work what hard on what he direct you to do. Never give up.
most parents even after discovering there wards talent would still force him against his dreams and destiny to appease their own selfish desires on the life on their children, dictating their wards future own very unfair of parent, Manning Junankar (1998) noted that the total graduates’ turnout from higher institutions in Nigeria was 73,339 in 1996/87 rose to 131,016 in 1996/97 subsequently burgeon and yet there is no much creative reflection on these graduates in our country/society, these is because most graduates had made the wrong choice of their career, and has wasted years studying the wrong course, because they failed initially to recognize there natural talents which could have been subentry/complementary to his acquired knowledge.
1timothy 4;14-16 neglect not gift that is thee, which was given thee by prophecy, with the laying on of the hands of the presbytery, indicating that there is already a deposited gift you, it left for you to unveil it on time and harness for good.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Lapse (1963) posits that unemployment brings about economic waste and causes/trigger off social violent/crimes/conflict, more talents programmers like Nigerian idol and Nigerian god s talent should be institutionalized in various part of the country and in other various types of talents such as acting, dancing, sporting activities, etc. these program should be would enhance the discovering of young talents and reduce the rate of unemployment. And also to produce talents who would represent Nigeria in the world level, there is need to reconstruction the educational curricula at all levels. Emphasis should be placed on vocational and technical subjects and on practical subjects such as agriculture as a core subject at all levels will help to re- orientated the minds of school leavers and make them stay on the land. Emphasis on vocational and technical subjects in various institutions will help to provide training in the various skills demanded in the Labor market there also opportunity for self- employment output of the educational system has to be related to job potentials..>>
OTHER MAJOR PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Corruption; A deliberate refusal to operate based on set rules and regulations and law with a wicked, if not evil desire to circumvent the punitive actions that comes with such deliberate deviant action, which arises from arises from a state of deviation from the moral or spiritual norms.[jerry Rawlins 2012]
It is an endemic feature of most African countries especially Nigeria. Despite the abundance of natural resources and talented intelligent individuals. Nigerian remains the most corrupt country in Africa with largest population of poor people in Africa continent.
Nigeria is well endowed with diverse and infinite resources both human and material. But years of negligence and adverse policies have led to underutilization of these resources.
The vivid burgeoning corruption rate increase speculations of/on How corruption creped in our country?
Was it because we were colonized and have established most of our governance and business institutions on certain imported mode?
Or did our colonist instituted corruption as a basis of their operations on our territories?
Or did we import corruption from a foreign influence?
I disagreed with the assertion that traditional gift giving inherent in our culture makes it impossible to define where for instance gift- giving ends and bribery starts, our traditional gift giving was borne out of societal norms- reverence and religious leaders. Above all the for the concept of good neighborliness and reciprocity.
corruption creped our continent as a result of moral depreciations and a greedy quest to outdo each other in terms of class distinction and perceived respect in our society. Such desires may be stimulated by westernization, for various town/village/community had strict codes of conducts and religious edict that frowned on corruption- cheating.
Colonization is the major source of corruption in our continent. For it was globalization that to the collapse of the bipolar world have led to the widespread of impunity in our continent.
Colonialism introduced monetized economy in Nigeria. Consequently money is now the measure of everything. It is now the symbol of social status and means of social security.
The quest for personal enrichment at all costs is now the order of the day. The pursuit of material possession has so obsessed many Nigerians that a lot of social vices abound today in the society.
Contemporary Nigerian tends to prove [Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679] rejected dogma of men naturally self-interested he maintained that all society is for gain or glory. All though Thomas was wrong about the pre-social nature of man, consequent selfish generation tends to prove his wrong dictum right.
Almost all political figures in Nigeria today engage themselves in corrupt activities leaving the average Nigerians with nothing but poverty and despair.
Corruption at the government level has direct effects in the rule of law, it debases the moral right of political leadership to serve as a respect regulator of the affairs of the states. Corruption at these level has direct immediate effect on the lives of the citizens.
Political bureau set up by general Ibrahim Babangida on 13, 1976, pointed out, Nigeria s failure to maximally and positively exploit our resources for rapid development and the well-being of Nigerians people remains one of the loudest indications of the failure of the political.
Corruption in Nigeria is n not incidental but systemic, and had reached the presidency and no longer at the bureaucracy, [Our leaders are more interested on what to gain and not how to impact on the life of the citizenry. In Africa, the rule of the game is that leadership is for life. These rulers can do anything possible to perpetuate their stay in the office. The question is why? Is it because they want to serve the people? no. all their manoeuvrings to remain in power is just for accumulation of wealth for themselves, family members and even generations unborn, all at the expense of the poor masses.
Corruption at the federal and state level perpetuates unemployment in the society which connotes other forms social problems such poverty, psychological problem of frustration, dispersion hostility, suspiciousness of people, food insecurity, all manner of criminal behavior and general insecurity of life and property.
Unemployment as defined by (fadayomi] is the inability to development and utilize the nations manpower resources.
Most of Nigerian graduates end up on the streets with nothing at all to do after college. Most of these unemployed graduates engage they in online internet scam and fraud to survive.
According to Chigunta (2002) the street youths who is denied of legitimate means of livelihood grow up in a culture that encourages criminal behavior. These unemployed graduates survive by engaging in various activities such as petty trading, casual borrowing, stealing, pick pocketing, prostitution, touting and other illegal activities. Some of them turn out to be a drunkards while others become drug addicts. Delinquency, crime and abuse are very common among our youths.
deviants argue that lack of employment, poverty etc. are the reasons why our youths engage in this crime today. However, avarice is the fundamental cause.
Our entire society is to blamed, for it is the willingness to tolerate the intolerable that gives the motivations or momentum for a person or institutions with influence to perpetuate acts of corruption within our society, When once we talk of corruption most people blame the government because it is the most prevalent corruption .
The corrupt man is everywhere, the man on the street, the man next door, the man in the church, or mosque, the man in the market, or the department store, the police- man on beat patrol, the soldier at the check-point (quoted in chute 2004: 27).
there is a culture of corruption reaching down to the very root of our societies, how then can we elect a genuine/incorruptible leaders if right from the grassroots when we have introduced influences over and beyond the competence and integrity of candidates, right from the local election for party executives to state/regional and national executives and even the presidential candidates, huge monetary and material inducements of offensive proportions are employed to sway elections in favor of the highest bidder.
Corruption at the very root of the country, anyone with some kind of power uses it to extort money or favors from the others, officials demands a bribe to do his job, and to the lecturer or employer who demands sexual favors from young women in return for high marks or job recruitment, selling out votes for material gains.
In Nigeria, corruption has become so pervasive that one kept on wondering whether there would ever be a way out. Parents teach and encourage their children to be corrupt. What does one make out of a situation where parents will either buy certificate for their children or arrange for someone to write exam for their children? No more dignity of labour! What a pity! how about a lecturer that will demand for money or subject a student to sexual exploitation either to pass a course or make a better grade, or a law enforcement agent who must always demand for kickbacks before he can perform his duty? In fact, it has gotten to a level that there is no more free passage on our roads today. One must give out money or risk one’s life
Leavers, but also does not produce the type of skills demanded in formal employment Corruption at the education level perpetuates unemployment which connotes other forms of social problems, poverty, McGrath and king (1995) argued that as far as the formal sector is concerned the skills that job seekers possess do not match the needs and demands of employers in Nigeria. Inappropriate school curricula and lack of employable skills have been identified as other factors responsible for youth unemployment.
Nigeria’s education with its liberal bias does not just over supply the labor market with graduates and school.
The church is also not left out. Many so-called pastors are there to make merchandize of the followers. Their interest is not on the salvation of the followers rather they concentrate on mapping out strategies on how to fleece their flock in the name of the lord. Even in the traditional setting, the elders who are known as the custodian of truth in those olden days are not immune from this contagious and deadly social malaise. They can knowingly distort the truth in favour of a rich man at the expense of the poor in anticipation of some material gains whether in cash or kind. Instances of corrupt practices can continue being mentioned till eternity. According to (okadigbo 1987) writing about corruption during Nigeria’s second republic-1979-1983:
All these are perpetrated for acquisition of material gain either directly or indirectly for personal aggrandizement. thus the essential existential characteristic of the African that is not just ‘being’ but ‘being-with-others’ or ‘being rooted in kinship’ is no longer to be. thus, ‘to be’ is ‘to have money’ to acquire personal material wealth as much as possible.” the individual or the families within a community are no longer ‘rich’ or ‘poor’ according to whether the whole community was rich or poor (Egbeke 2000: 192).
RECOMMENDATION
Nigeria has a problem that requires a tactful and holistic approach, we cannot continue to be taciturn in combating a cancer that is eating up the fabric of our and impoverishing us father. Our problem is caused by our own wickedness, selfish and greedy. the only way to remove corruption from our society is to first change ourselves, as we know that individual make up the society so first changes that individual the society will be change itself. [Thales]
We need appoint men and women ready to put loyalty to political principle before principle to loyalty to political power, that we not merely talk about truth, interiority and accountability but must demonstrate those qualities in his or daily. Leaders of great impeccable probity and honesty that would lead these great nation to a better future. [Peter obi] first There should be an established anti-corruption institutions that is not a tools of incumbent government against their opponents. These can only be achieved by strengthening and cleaning the existing security agencies such as police, the customs and immigration service. There must be clear spelling out of procedures and processes for accessing government contracts and other services of the state institutions. These as well cannot work effectively if the law does not protect them. Antinational constitutions must clearly define corrupt practices and stipulates what penalties are for people found guilty. Above all must unambiguously protect whittle- blowers who play the vigilante role and exposes corruption even at the highest level of political traditions.
We need to take a hard look at our political systems, which in their present conditions favor bribery and corruption to win power and then bribery and corruption to recoup the cost of winning. Can we not redesign our system to incorporate more of our traditional respect for consensus and the ideal of leadership, which looks beyond the next election to the needs of future generation? Can we change the nature of party politics, if party politics is the only valid system, so that each election is not a frantic and vicious battle between two giants. We must also embrace bi-partisan or multi-partisan considerations instead of bitter rivalry, which is the other of the day. Perhaps we should be taking a look at proportional representational, which despite its complexity, ensures that smaller parties and alternatives views are not squeezed out of governance?
There need for freedom of information laws that guarantee the public free access to information on the actions of the government and other public institutions as a way of ensuring that fraudulent activities are discovered at their early stages. Many government /extrapolate/ are hesitant to pass such bills into law citing security considerations, but freedom of information laws usually classify sensitive area that are protected from the public view for a defined period. Freedom of information law will cue more effective if they are also enshrined in the constitution so the legislature does not use partisan considerations to determine the exact provisions of such laws. But for the freedom of information laws to have due relevance, the role of the media cannot be overlooked. These is one set of instructions that have inherent capacity to help expose corruption, for they are responsible for dissemination of information through various news channels to the members of the public. They are watchdogs of the society. But unfortunately like many sectors of our societies the media have also caught the bug, and petty competition, monetary and material influences, open political bias and falsehood have eaten into our media practice. Under the guise of independence of the media, responsible reportage has given way to irresponsible and sponsored reportage and this has to be curbed by the media fraternity itself, if it is to win back the confidence of the ordinary people who are confused daily by the contradictions they are fed with. Truth, or principles rather than profit should be the focus of our reportage. More importantly to expose corruption, diligent and truthful investigative journalism has to take place so the public can be informed of the wrongs of individuals and institutions while the necessary punitive action is taken.
Finally I wish to reiterate here that the quality of independence justice is the major ingredient for effectively combating corruption. The judiciary has to gain society s respect by permanently remaining impartial and forthright in its role. The judiciary should always delink itself from political intrigues and must operate based solely on the dictates of law and a clear moral conscience. There should be clear separation of power for check and checks and balances just like in the old Oyo Empire. When the people are denied justice, in justice perpetuates itself, justice should never be denied the ordinary people of our country, and we can successfully eradicate corruption only when we provide unbridled justice to people. Our country must not be the preserver of an untouchable powerful few who consider themselves above the law –a flagrant disrespect of due process, these calls for a full implementation of 1998 constitution as amended, the judicially must be financed independently.
Tribalism/diversity; The fact that Nigeria is an accident of history, a heterogeneous collection and collimation of different nationality groups by the Britain, she is roughly estimated to constitute about 350 ethnic, each of these tribe-ethnic groups are also made up of diverse mini-manor tribes with divergent religions, languages, and traditional occupations, attitudes, beliefs, values,
These religion ethnic and regional difference has been the acute precipitate of major political and religion crises in Nigeria from the Kano riot of 1953, independence census crisis of 1962-1963, action group crisis of i962, federal electoral crisis of 1964, general election of 1983, Kaduna state executive and legislative crisis of 1981 and the civil war. Etc. and today still a major problem in appointment of a federal character and revenue allocation in Nigeria.
These differences makes it Imperative that one must always be politically mindful of ethnic, religion and regional consideration, The appointment of our federal characters is based on tribalism and nepotism rather merit,
Most Nigerians are yet to belief, if ever will, that the competence of a federal character is more important than his ethnicity, in any case, the background of a president is without prejudice to his ability. They been obsessed of domination and sentiments. there is no ethnic group in Nigerian that does not have excellent individuals to represent them at the federal level but if the issues of federal character and ethnic balance is not addressed in Nigeria even the best president material will become ineffective to some people, the quality of our officials are less important than their ethnic/religious origin.
Nigeria maybe an accident of history But if not destined by God we could have not be colonized by the Britain as one political umbrella, we could have remained mini states maybe crystallize into big states through wars, mutations and permutations. It is destined by God which is why we survived the civil to strengthen the unit in the state more.
Our perception of Nigeria, should of a nationality, “a group of people who feel themselves naturally linked to each other/together, share common believe that they can live happily together and not satisfied when they disunited and cannot tolerate subjection of people who do not share these ties’’ we may not share the same cultures and no believe but the divergent believes, cultures all function to maintain the whole Nigeria [Radcliff brown structural functionalism] the beauty of Nigeria is in its diversity.
We must learn to respect our group dynamics and stop being ethnocentric avoid comparing different cultures as which is superior or inferior. [Franz boas]
REC
Religious intolerance has being a major widespread of religious violence that threatens our national unity. Our religion diversities should be our sense of collective conscious and solidarity, there might be different beliefs, value, and practices in our various religion but our common belief in morality, and in life after death unites the diverse religions of the world.
Nonpolitical forum should be organized in national and states level comprising all the divergent ethnic group that makes up the nationality. Forum should periodically organize a national cultural program, held at least once in a political tenure. To unite, celebrate and promote these different cultures in Nigeria, not to be competitive program but a cultural display,
Full Implementation of principle of derivation in revenue allocation. Which returns a large proportion of resources to the area from which they are obtained. some less endowed states are highly against these plillipson commission of 1946 in the view that it promotes uneven development in the country but you don’t expect to get the equal allocation with states which suffer environment degradation. A balance e distribution of Nigerian resources endowments between the various zones of the country creates a complementary and inter-dependence between the regions or zones in the country and bound to strengthen her unity as a political entity.
Religious and ethnic based political parties should be aviated, it create a sense of belonging amongst Nigerian and also create succession mind set amongst politicians which threatens the state nationality. Political parties should constantly rotate there national flag berries amongst the diverse ethnic personalities that makes the party, to gain the countries support I full.
Immobility of labor; occupational and geographical immobility of labor compounds the problem of unemployment. Immobility of labor arises from factors such as tribalism and state consciousness, Poor administration system.
These is another neglected problems in Nigeria. The failure of Nigerian government to dually practical’s a real federal system of government as stipulated in Littleton constitution of 1954. The constitution officially introduced a federal system of government in Nigeria which should be the best of govern-ment to be practiced in Nigeria if dually practiced.
Federal system of government naturally connotes democratic system of government which allow people at the grassroots to participate in the political system by electing there representatives.
Abraham Lincoln defined democracy as government of the people and for the people. This definition can be breaking down into three parts;
1 government of the people refers to government on behalf the people.
2 government by the people refers to representative government and
3 governments for the people mean that government should be carried on by people of high principle.
From the above definition one vivid assert that the major characteristics of democracy is an adequate participation of the people in governmental affairs,
Nigerian government has failed to adequately provide the above requirement of real democratic government which has resulted in Nigerian administration not firmly rooted with the people’s legitimate support from the grassroots.
In Nigeria federal administration, average Nigerian are left out, which has resultant effects in Nigeria, no government can archive much external and internal without a patriotic support from the root. The security in the exclusive legislative list cannot be achieved without adequate information from the grassroots residual list, which has been a major in the long years of battle against Boko Haram insurgency.
The public complainants commission, P.P.C. constituted and operated in Nigeria, had failed to effectively perform its purpose for which it was established, P.P.C. was organized by the house d committee on public petitions, to seek public opinions.
Proponents of social contract theory, advocates that patriotic political obligation driven from mutual relationship between the ruler and the ruled, as in our traditional administration where political power is a power driven from the people and the constitution, Nigerian government has failed to gain/earn herself a full legitimate support from her citizens from in the grassroots.
Patrick Obahiagbon comically described the invoke administration as khakistomoboplutocray, these his perception connotes different forms of government, in truth Nigerian democracy seemed to be in direct opposition with the real democracy, in Nigeria democracy means government of the rich, for the elite and for the educated no room for the less privileged in social statue of the society.
Power is being transferred amongst one set of people who has been in the administration as old as its origin. 1985 was the president that Buhari was the formal head IBB and Buhari are still contesting for presidency, in 1983, Bammangatukur was the governor of defunct Gogola State [Adamawa And Taraba] and 30 years later, he is today the chairman of ruling party pdp.dr bello haliru was the commissioner in old Sokoto [now Sokoto, Kebbi and zamfara] and now 33 years after. He is today the minister of defense, major general David mark [rd.] was the military governor of Niger state in 1984, and 28 years later, he is today the senate president, governor muritalanyako was the governor of Niger state in 1976 and 36years later. He is today the governor of Adamawa State, Ogbonnayaonu was the governor of Adamawa state. in 1992 and 20 years after, he is the governor of Abia State, in 1992 and 20 years after, he is today the national chairman of ANPP, governor David Jonah Jang was the governor of Benue in 1985 and 27years after, he today the governor of plateau state, martin Elechi, the ebony I state governor is over 80years,
These maybe termed political success them, for we ourselves formally re elected them into those positions, everyone is would always long for success in his/her Field
The government is not to entirely blamed, poverty, illiteracy, and ignorance has denied most Nigerian their right, we cannot displace negative effects of these concepts in our country, Nigerian has the highest rate of poverty in Africa with illiteracy rate of about 61.3p, these three has teamed up against humanity, they are major reason for political apartheid
political apartheid; maybe defined as conscious or an unconscious deviant behavior of a citizen not to part take in the political culture or not to fulfill his political obligation, these has a resultant event on the full administration of a state, these has been one of the neglected problem, average Nigerians obsequious careless about the head administration which gives our corrupt politicians room to siphon our public resources, and make laws they only stand to benefit. I maintain that the entire society is to be blamed for the high rate of corruption in country, it is our willingness to tolerate the intolerable/ nature that gives the motivations or momentum for a person or institutions with influence to perpetuate acts of corruption within our society,
We own these great nation a huge civic obligations which we must fulfill at all cost.
RECOMMENDATION
The empowerment of the people at the local/grassroots level to enable them partake in the decision making process on national issues, tolerance of the views of oppositions the activities of the government must not be hidden but open the people to appreciate and criticized, in decision making the conception of majority rule and the right of the minority must be recognized government with the support of the people is a legitimate government, but this level of empowerment should not be a patronizing feature by the government to create the impression that they are consulting the people, importantly the people would have to ensure that they are not to become a victim to inducements and sweeteners in a leader s bid to have his way. Poverty has an uncanny capacity to corrupt even the most morally conscious person in the society. Which is why they perpetuates that and use our weakness against us by campaign in monetary and material terms rather than better polices for the country.
The amendment of 1999 constitution to grant the local government financial autonomy. The would enable emancipate grassroots Nigerians
Formal educational should been adversely be improved on to control the high rate of illiteracy and to review average Nigerians of their right and obligation. Social media should also aid in political socialization of our political culture into the lives our citizens.
Public complainants commission and other ombudsmen should be empowered to improve to adequately meet there demands, pressure groups should also be committed in archiving there self-goal.>>
CONSTITUTES OF THE ABOVE IN NIGERIA
External influence; Nigeria more than country in Africa contains more culture and history than any other country in Africa but westernization and globalization has team up to extinct our indigenous cultural values, every society has rules, principles and norms that regulate the conduct of its members. In different communities, people are rooted in their customs and values that make them distinct from others. Ogbonmwan,
Nigeria from the pre-colonial era has their peculiar culture which is evidenced in their ways of life. Their value systems as elements of their culture are depicted in marriage relationships, communal living, religious practices, and legal system and so on. However, the eventual contact with the western culture through colonialism and, with the subsequent upsurge of globalization, these values are not only being challenged but also eroded. consequent upon this onslaught on the African value systems by the western values, which has been tagged “cultural imperialism”, with its negative and positive impact, what should be the response of Africans to salvage their pristine values that shaped their society morally, economically, politically and religiously in the past Africans have some good values that are worthy of preservation in the face of western cultural onslaught
Under traditional African setting, there were laws, customs, regulations, rules, taboos and others which constitute the moral code and ethics of a particular community. These moral codes and ethics are meant to regulate the conduct of the members for the maintenance of community solidarity. They are either human laws or divine laws. While human laws are punished with human sanctions, divine laws, when breached, attract divine sanctions. it is regrettable to note that most of these cultures, religion, customs, values, norms that kept our communities pure in the pre - colonial era had be eroded by westernization and globalization.
Proponents of disorganization perspective theory in analyzing the origin social problems, traced the genesis of social problems in every society to the breakdown of the societal norms, values and belief system of a society as a result of a rapid social change caused by diffusion of cultures,
in every society exist rules, laws customs, norms and generally, accepted standard of behavior that guide d conduct of the people of that society, when there is confusion and general disorientation as to what should be regarded as good or bad, right or wrong due to introduction of a new believe system, then social problem creep in.
You will agree with me that prior to the coming of the whites, we were already organized though we were still developing of which if we were left to develop on our own, and we would have gone far like in the case of china. we had our various political structure administration, prior to their obstructing intervention we had subsistence agriculture practice as an our major means of livelihood which is today recognized and termed primitive practice for primitive people in the rural areas, graduates’ want white color jobs over our extraneous and herculean means of livelihood. Lampm (1974) report on the cause of unemployment stated that agriculture is the taproot of an economy. He warned that any attempt to give agriculture activities a secondary attention in the economy of any nation would sooner or later create unemployment situation. furthermore a lampan [1974] that the high degree of unemployment in the developing countries were due to the neglect of indigenous technology and inadequate patronage received by local industries from the consumers and their government as well as the rate the of profit reinvestment in the foreign owned industries in country. he observed that in any economic system where indigenous technology and local industries were not encouraged and patronized, there tend to be a decrease in the production capacity and, an increase in the dumping of countries wealth in foreign countries in the name of purchasing foreign goods, The picture portrayed by Lampan above was actually what happened in Nigeria, were especially during the oil boom period that has resulted to unemployment situation in the country, this then resulted in a high rate of urbanization and an increasing number of youth migrating to urban areas seeking to participate in booming commercial and other activities thereby leaving agriculture to the aged (Usoro, 1997). Many scholars maintain that rural to urban migration by young and educated people is a major factor that leads to high levels of urban youth unemployment in Nigeria (Okonjo, 1974, Adepoju, 2001vv; Otaki, 2003).
Modern Nigeria has lost its shape, Modern African has been distorted by globalization, First our tradition religion which most of our cultures where deeply rooted in, our major sense of collective responsibility in the pre-colonial was enthroned by foreign religions and now our indigenous language is at the verge of its extinction.
Our way of life is considered barbaric in nature and must be jettisoned. Consequently, our young brains are nurtured with western ways of life and thought and language. That they could not but accept anything European as superior and better compared to anything African.
There considered themselves so civilized in western cultures and language and consider there indigenous language and culture primitive, barbaric, our language is been forced to extinction which would lead to our loss of culture and identity.
Westernization and globalization are bend on Chauvin sing our language which is the medium we transfer our culture to young generation, code switching mixture maybe inevitable consequence of multilingual societies, consequently it has exceeds code switching our language, We are permanently borrowing foreign languages into our country and in due time will enthroned our language and culture and destroy our speech community our sense of unity in diversities.
Professor Chinua Achebe’s most intellectual legacy was is Ernest contribution to promote and protect African extinction cultures through his writings. he kept on reviewing the insight of Africa cultures through his writings he kept on calling for the protection of our indigenous cultures until he died because he can then already presume the consequences of cultural extinctions,
Westernization or globalization has its advantages, but not without its attendant woes. Wisdom demands that there is the need to sift the wheat from the chaff. It is also important to note that since culture is dynamic in nature, our African culture and its values just like the culture of any other society cannot remain the same. However, our argument is that not all western values propagated through globalization are good for Africans as a people.
Our case is that there is no need for Africans to allow inferiority complex concerning African values when compared with western values. One may concede that some of these African values that could be regarded as primitive or outdated in the light of intellectual development should be jettisoned. However, the good ones must be preserved and mingled with modern concepts thereby maintaining our distinctiveness.
RECOMMENDATION
For unemployment rate in Nigeria to be alleviated, there must be a huge intervention in agricultural production and its sustainability in order not to let this microeconomic problem persists. Consequently recommending policies to alleviate poverty should focus on increasing agricultural growth. Building projects like solar powered water pump for use in rural areas, solar powered street lights, hybrid power generator using solar battery power can also be generate employment in the Nigerian economy.
Our Language is a medium through which the norms, values. Customs, law and experience is transited from one person to another. from one person to another, from one society to another and generation to another, [Oluwabamide 2008] from the above definition one can understand that language does not just play the communicative function which is born out to perform but also an important tool for the transmission of norms and values as wells as customs from generation to generation, therefore there is need to retain our language. Adequate implementation of the national policy on education system as suggested Uguru 2003. The policy stipulates that our mother tongues used be in nursery and primary school and English to be later introduced in the later phase of high institution for adult illiteracy. Other foreign languages can be taught bet optional. Furthermore our indigenous languages to be used in commercial advertisement, dissemination of information in mass media, child socialization etc, to encourage our language identity, language maintenance, and language loyalty. If we to be able to retain our language which is our culture. Alikshahadah stated that culture and mass media have a symbiotic relationship. Each deepens on the other in an intimate collaboration; our social media should portrait the positive aspect of our cultures to the world and not a single story of poverty which denies us of dignity. A balance of story as cited by Chiammadaadichie 2009 in Chinueachibe,
Poor parenting; these is the genesis of all the problems in Nigeria, for if our young generation where to be adequately socialized in our norms, culture, belief, there would be no corrupt masters in our economy [P. E Umeh ] nor be influenced by western cultures negatively.
social pathology perspective in analyzing social problems adopted Herbert Spencer s organic analogy of the human society which sees the society as an organism with different parts making it the whole, what affects any of the parts affects the whole make up parts, this perspective view societies as to be normal, until afflicted by a disease[socio problem] to prove the point proponent of this perspective the above societal problems have being traced to our various family negligence to properly socialize there ward in solid foundation. Psalm 11; 3 if the foundation be destroyed, what can the righteous do?
The family is the first stage of child development. And is charge by God with the responsibility, of providing adequate moral basis for the child but our economy nature of survival of the fittest has unconsciously cause most parent to make priority their various occupation/business/means of livelihood over there family/children. which in turn increase the high rate of juvenile delinquency in our society. The deviants in our society are all came from families, the corrupt politicians, prostitutes, criminals and infidels etc, are they not all from families? if they where proper socialized they would have not been constituting losers to our society.
The bible said in proverbs 22; 6 train up a child in the way he should go and when he is old, he will not depart from it. Our Parents are more committed to there jobs, trying to provide the necessary financial assistance, with little or no attention to their core obligations, when the noticed the wards poor foundation the push them out for schools to rebuild, this is almost impossible for most school model what so ever good or bad you have in you already before, when the primary foundation fails the secondary can hardly stand.
It is painful that the same children They toil day and night to better their future reward them with public shame and disgrace these is because they have failed to provide them with the basic foundation of ideology needed rather than financial assistance which should be the secondary part, it is understanding that most parent engage in many harmful activities just to support and provide for their children in our hard economy, but financial foundation alone does not effectively equip them to survival, the need to balance logically to be able to manage you legacy and such psychological balance can only be created if we spend more time with them to know when bad friends are influencing his ideology, but they are preoccupied with their 24hours job that they barely have time to train nor discuss issues with their children, soonest they reap what you sow, they now create time to go about complaining and bailing off/out their wards in prison.
This is Because they have only sowed financial foundation, which cannot firmly stand without moral acts, you talent, financial background, and acquired skills can uplift you but is only yours character that determines how long it last,
Poor parenting does not only mean negligence in child socialization but also unhappy family,
parenting is not as easy, there are millions of single parent families in Nigeria, as consequence inability of couples to comprehend each other which results to divorce, living a single parent to raise the children, there some other inevitable causes of single parents like rape, and widower/widow,
Single parent can be dangerous for the child development, off course it is widely acknowledged that a child cannot properly develop without his/her parent support. They both collectively would guide and help them explore our challenging world, by create a perfect role model for them.
It is necessary to be aware of the influence of family problems in the life of any child in families. The family conditions plays a big role in children s emotional, social and psychological development, it’s dangerous to project for parent to their own person problems into the small world of children because it can damage their psyche.
Consequently, children with such family experience may become diffident/sassy at worse develop cantankerous personalities, due to the influence of fears on their subconscious mind. The outlook of diffident children is considerably limited and they usually cannot succeed in life, since the lack confidence to believe in their abilities.
A childhood in an unhappy family with unstable emotional atmosphere can easily develop different psychological and emotional traumas.
It is very easier to prevent a big problem than waste many years looking for an effective solutions. Happy and full family should be the main priority in the life of every person, because it is the key element in successful development of both children and parent, happy home help improve health, habits, manners, lifestyles and behavior patterns and relationship with others. life in a happy family require constant work in order to build respect and mutual understanding in relationships cultivating family traditions and values is the best way to broaden your children s horizons, if you want your child to be a successful and confident person, then create a happy family first,
It is absolutely sure that every family has its values and traditions, which they are passing from one generation to another. All parent should know that they have to foster the best values in their kids and teach them respect the traditions of their ancestors, correct values and relationships built on mutual understanding and respect will help you grow a happy and healthy kids. Values and tradition create a special emotional connection inside the family.
Try and raise your kids in a nice temperament, and the formation of these depends on emotional stability in the family and the way the child was taught to perceive the reality. The emotional stability in the family is the crucial factor in successful formations of child s type of character and self-esteem. Children in happy families are usually treated with love and respect, because these qualities teach the child to cooperate with the society and cope with stress with problems,
Parent serve as a role model to your children. you are expected to provide essential material needs and find a proper word to motivate your child, as a first teacher, you should help her master different useful skills that will provide them with more opportunities in future, teach their kids to build positive social skills these crucial skills will help them find a common language with people around develop the sense of leaderships. Encourage them to be entrepreneur for it is a catalyst for economic growth. Youth is an important time for creasing a career, gaining and developing skills, establishing an identity and obtaining independences, Chigunta (2002) stresses that sociologically, youths in any society donates an interface rate between childhood and adulthood. In every society the youth have the potentials to stimulate economic growth, social progress and overall national development.
Poor parenting has resulted to rapid social crisis in our societies; juvenile delinquency is very common amongst our youths. Majority of people in the Nigeria prisoners are youths.
RECOMMENDATION
Parent should rationalize there working hours and there family hours, to devote more time for their children, of what gain to parent that they stress all their lives to gather wealth for their children and they could not continue the family legacy, make out time to be their best friends not a dictatorial parent share their weakness and glory with them, earn their trust to and use the stories they tell to direct them.
Youths should not be selfish in making marital choice over natural endowments or wealth all these shall one day fade away, spouses should always consider the future of you unborn children and give them a better mother father to help shape their future.
Parent should plan and stipulate to their plans on child bearing, to help grow curtail the rapid over growing population of Nigeria.
Parent should help discover their children natural potential at their tender age and help them archive their goals life, parent should help secure a better future for their children not to constitute losers to the society in quest 0r cost to survive in any possible means, in our Nigeria today it is extremely difficult to succeed without somebody s help, it does mean that parent should spoil children and give them everything they want.
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